chapter7.6--handout

Background Information

Trespassing law in America 小心别犯了“非法入侵罪”

我们先来回顾原文当中出现的一个场景:

I walked back along the border of the lawn, traversed the gravel softly, and tiptoed up the veranda steps. The drawing-room curtains were open, and I saw that the room was empty. Crossing the porch where we had dined that June night three months before, I came to a small rectangle of light which I guessed was the pantry window. The blind was drawn, but I found a rift at the sill.

我沿着草坪的边缘走了回去,轻轻跨过石子车道,然后踮起脚尖走上游廊的台阶。客厅的窗帘是拉开的,因此我看到屋子里是空的。我穿过我们三个月以前那个六月的晚上吃过晚餐的阳台,来到一小片长方形的灯光前面,我猜那是食品间的窗户。遮帘拉了下来,但我在窗台上找到了一个缝隙。

Nick为了帮Gatsby打探屋里的情况,悄悄地重新潜回到门口,还从窗外往里偷窥。但是这个举动在现实生活中可不值得效仿,否则随时有可能被扣上“非法入侵罪”的帽子。

B-1

私闯民宅,在美国称为“Trespassing”. 由于美国大部分的住宅,都是别墅式的,所以在四周又有花园。有的园子很大,是几公顷甚至几百公顷。除了住宅以外,店铺,办公室等地点,亦属“私宅”。

美国是私有制国家,保护私人的财产不受侵犯或打扰,是美国民生之大法。走在美国的街道上,观赏美丽的小区或商业街,你要想到:这一切你所看到的,均为私有财产。

对于这些“私宅”,美国法律明文规定,任何人,包括执法机关,没有正当理由,不许对其进行任何骚扰。(注:私宅,包括房子的前门和外边通往大街的阶梯。)



Vocabulary

dispose

vt.& vi. 处理,处置;安排 (to arrange things or put them in their places)

原文:As we walked across the moonlight gravel to the porch he disposed of the situation in a few brisk phrases.
当我们穿过满地月光的石子道走向门廊时,他三言两语很利索地处理了眼前的情况。

💧dispose后面不加任何介词的时候相当于arrange, 指“排列,布置”;但dispose更常见的用法是和of搭配,表示“处理,丢弃”(to get rid of), 比如:They dispose of the city's waste in the sea.
他们把城市的废物倒入大海处理掉。

💧还可以表示“解决,应付”(to deal with), 比如:Your idea at least disposes of the immediate problem.
你的主意至少解决了最紧迫的问题。

despicable

adj. 可鄙的,卑鄙的 (extremely bad, immoral, or cruel)

原文:Somehow, that seemed a despicable occupation.
不知为什么,这好像是一种可耻的行径。

💧despicable从despise变形而来,即worth of being despised. 比如:It was despicable of him to abandon his wife and children.
他抛弃了妻小,实在是卑鄙。



Crush Your Problems

1、Self-consciously, / with his authoritative arms / breaking the way, / we pushed through the still gathering crowd, / passing a hurried doctor, / case in hand, / who had been sent for / in wild hope / half an hour ago.
他用威武的双臂辟开一条道来,我们从仍在聚集的人群中不自在地穿过去;还遇到了一位匆匆而来的医生,手里拎着皮包,这还是半个钟头以前抱着一线希望去请的。

💧句式拆解
①with his authoritative arms breaking the way 属于独立主格结构(his authoritative arms作主语), 分析句子结构的时候可以省略这部分;

②所以整个句子的主体部分是:Self-consciously, we pushed through..., passing a hurried doctor..., who...

💧表达精讲
①self-consciously 从字面上理解是“有自我意识地”,这里可以引申为“〔因顾虑自己的外表或他人的看法〕而表现忸怩地,不自然地”,我们以self-conscious为例看一个句子:Jerry’s pretty self-conscious about his weight.
杰里很在意自己的体重。

这里指Tom和Nick从围观的人群穿过感觉非常不自在。(注意self-consciously是做we的状语~)

②with his authoritative arms “他威武的双臂”;authoritative本义指“权威的,威严的”,这里形容Tom的动作非常强势;

③been sent for “被请来”;send for sb指“派人去叫sb, 请sb来”,比如:Send for a doctor, quickly!请个大夫来,快!

④in wild hope “抱着一线希望”;wild在这里指“没什么可能性的”(based on little or no probability), 相当于我们前面介绍的faint哦~

2、For all I knew / he was going to rob the house / in a moment; / I wouldn’t have been surprised / to see sinister faces, / the faces of ‘Wolfsheim’s people,’ / behind him in the dark shrubbery.

说不定他准备马上就去洗劫那幢房子。这时即使看到许多邪恶的面孔,就像“沃尔夫山姆那帮人”那样,躲在黑漆漆的灌木丛里,我也不会感到惊讶。

💧表达精讲
①for all I knew “据我所知”;表示不确定的语气,相当于as far as I knew或probably. 比如:For all I know, there may be a kernel of truth in what he says.
据我所知,他的话可能有一点儿道理。

②I wouldn't have been surprised 是过去时的虚拟语气,“即便……我也不会感到惊讶”。

这里是诙谐的写作手法,Gatsby虽然在“守候保护”Daisy, 但在别人眼里却像是在偷偷摸摸做什么不可告人的事情。

3、There was / an unmistakable air / of natural intimacy / about the picture, / and anybody / would have said / that they were conspiring together.
这幅画面清清楚楚有一种很自然的亲密气氛,任何人都会觉得他俩是在一同阴谋策划。

💧表达精讲
①an unmistakable air of...about the picture “这幅画面清清楚楚透露着……氛围”;about表示“具有……品质,特征”;

②anybody would have said 也是过去时的虚拟语气;

③conspire 指“合谋,密谋”(to secretly plan with someone esle to do something illegal), 比如:All six men admitted conspiring to steal cars. 这六个人全都承认一起密谋偷车。

4、He put his hands in his coat pockets / and turned back eagerly / to his scrutiny of the house, / as though my presence / marred the sacredness of the vigil.
他把两手插在上衣口袋里,然后急切地掉转身去观察那座房子,仿佛我的在场有损于他神圣的守望。

💧表达精讲
①scrutiny of “对……的仔细审查”,比如:Their activities have come under police scrutiny.
他们的活动受到警方的严密监视。

②mar 指“玷污,破坏(spoil, damage)”, 比如:A number of problems marred the smooth running of this event.
许多问题破坏了该事件的顺利进行。

③the sacredness of the vigil “守望的神圣性”;sacredness本义指“(宗教性的)不可侵犯,神圣”,这里是夸张和比喻的说法:Gatsby对Daisy的感情有种近乎信仰宗教的那种虔诚和全心全意。



Content Analysis

昨天我们介绍了death car作为本书重要的象征之一,代表了伤害和死亡(injury and death). 今天我们会从Myrtle死亡本身出发,揭示这一事件和美国梦主题之间的关系。

💧Clue 1: Myrtle's death indicates the false promise of American dream.

Myrtle在故事里的形象几乎完全就是“物欲”(physicality)的代表,她是灰谷里脱颖而出的一个不甘于现状并且渴望进入上流社会的代表(和她的丈夫完全相反)。她急于摆脱自己卑微的阶层地位,希冀能借助Tom实现麻雀变凤凰的梦想。

所以当她和丈夫发生争吵时,她本能地向以为是Tom正在驾驶的汽车跑去(早些时候她透过窗户看到Tom开着黄色的车,所以当Daisy和Gatsby开着那辆黄色的车回程的时候,Myrtle便误以为里面坐的是Tom)——

Evidence 1:“It all happened in a minute, but it seemed to me that she wanted to speak to us, thought we were somebody she knew.”
"前后不到一分钟的事,但我觉得她想跟我们说话,以为我们是她认识的人。"

虽然Tom不是直接的凶手,但这一幕也颇具象征意义——Myrtle所迫切渴望的名利财富(这是汽车在本书中的另一个象征,可以回看前文对Gatsby这辆黄色小轿车的描述,它是Gatsby自我炫耀的工具之一)最后成为了她的致命凶器。

她永远无法进入Tom的阶层,即便当时开车的是Tom, 即便Tom停了下来,他也不会带Myrtle离开,或是为了她和Daisy离婚。Myrtle的尝试和努力注定是无用的,而且还造成了她最后的悲剧。因此作者想要表达的是,美国梦其实是残忍而虚假的,妄图追寻它并且深陷其中的人,最后遭遇的可能是粉身碎骨。

Myrtle的悲剧命运其实也是本书的另一个角色——Gatsby的预言。他怀抱着比Myrtle更为强烈真挚的浪漫幻想,甚至可以说飞蛾扑火、自我牺牲式的。比如今天的情节里,他默默无闻地站在Daisy家外的灌木丛里守望——

💧Clue 2: Gatsby's love for Daisy is self-sacrificing.

Evidence 1: “She’ll be all right to-morrow,” he said presently. “I’m just going to wait here and see if he tries to bother her about that unpleasantness this afternoon. She’s locked herself into her room, and if he tries any brutality she’s going to turn the light out and on again.”

"明天她就会好的,"他过了一会又说,"我只是在这儿等等,看他会不会因为今天下午那场争执找她麻烦。她把自己锁在自己屋子里了,假如他有什么野蛮的举动,她就会把灯关掉然后再打开。"

显然Gatsby和Daisy约定好了,如果Tom有什么异常的举动,Daisy会用灯光来告知Gatsby. 但即便是Nick在踏进院子透过窗户观察里面的动向,发现一切都非常平和的时候,Gatsby也不愿意离开,坚持要等到Daisy关灯入睡(“I want to wait here till Daisy goes to bed. Good night, old sport”).

Gatsby的执着虔诚甚至已经让Nick觉得仿佛自己如果再打扰他,就会侵犯了这份守望的“神圣性”(as though my presence marred the sacredness of the vigil). 这份付出是否会得到相应的回报?Nick在末尾留下的轻描淡写的一句埋下了伏笔:

So I walked away and left him standing there in the moonlight — watching over nothing.



Today's Bonus

💧nerve的俚语表达

Well, first Daisy turned away from the woman toward the other car, and then she lost her nerve and turned back.(呃,黛西先是把车子从那个女人那边转向那辆车子,接着她惊慌失措又转了回去。)

to lose one's nerve 指“(因为太害怕)而没有勇气做”(to suddenly become very nervous so that you cannot do what you intended to do). 这里指Daisy本来是要往另外一辆车撞过去的,但最后因为太害怕而调转了方向。

关于nerve还有很多俚语表达,我们一起来看看~

1、to have a lot of nerve
行事莽撞粗鲁

nerve在这里相当于口语里的cheek, 表示“ 令人讨厌(或粗鲁、无礼)的话(或行为) ”,比如:What a cheek/nerve!(“真不要脸!”)

"You took my seat! You have a lot of nerve sitting there!"(你占了我的位置!你坐在这真是厚颜无耻 !)

T-1

2、to hit / touch a (raw) nerve
触及要害/痛处

指无意间说了让别人不高兴或是令人尴尬的话(to accidentally upset someone by talking about something that they feel strongly about or are very sensitive about).

You touched a raw nerve when you mentioned his first wife.
你谈起他的第一个妻子,这就触到了他的痛处。

T-2

3、to have nerves of steel
意志坚强;沉着冷静

nerves of steel “像钢铁一般的神经(意志)”,也就是非常“坚强、冷静”(to be able to remain calm in a difficult or dangerous situation).

The job requires nerves of steel.
做这份工作需要有坚强的意志。

T-3

4、to get on one's nerves
使心神不宁

一般指“某件事一直在重复而令人感觉心烦”(to annoy somebody by doing something all the time).

She’s always moaning. It really gets on my nerves.
她老是在哼哼唧唧的,真令我心烦。

T-4

5、to be a bundle of nerves / a bag of nerves
极度焦虑/恐惧

nerves在这里指“种种担心的情绪”(worried feelings), 也就是形容一个人“浑身每根神经都处于焦虑和紧张当中”。

I remember you were a bundle of nerves on your wedding day.
我记得你在婚礼那天紧张极了。

T-5

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